Accident Victim Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mishap Victim Interview - Essay Example adequate are respiratory disarranges that are diseases unified to breathing in deadly organic synthetic compounds, specialists, gases, residue, smoke or fumes at work(Reese 2008). Others incorporate clutters contracted from harming by non standard weakenings of poisonous issues in blood, other natural liquids, different tissues or the inward breath that are activated by the assimilation or ingestion of poisonous bodies into the human body. This paper will show a meeting with a survivor of a word related ailment. On December 20, 2011, about 11:56 p.m., Graham John continued genuine, yet non-lethal, wounds to his arms and legs when he was shipping coal. This occurred when an eastward transportation coal train comprising of 2 trains and 100 vehicles weighed down with coal, disrupted the lead 22 autos at sign 12.9 on the Old Main Line Section in Ellicott City, Maryland. Seven of the 22 tumbled into an open narrows zone 15 feet underneath track level at the northern side. Other loaded coal vehicles occupied with the wrecking overturned, spilling their issue close by the northern side of the direction (Reese 2008). The idea of his wounds with impairing condition incorporated a hyper-extended back, a few cuts on certain fingers and the arms, and a messed up leg. The hyper-extended back and broken leg was an aftereffect of the movement affected when the wrecking happened, while the gash on the fingers and the arms was because of the messed up glasses broke all round (Reese 2008). Graham’s wounds made him withdraw from nonattendance from work for around two months. During the two months, Graham experienced a restoration procedure for one month to help him with the treatment and recuperation from the trial. A portion of the exercises he embraced included specialist meetings and exercise meetings for the hyper-extended back and the wrecked leg (Reese 2008). Taking everything into account, OSHA has measures that characterize particular sorts of mishaps that ought to be accounted for to OSHA inside 8 hours of their event. They incorporate all work fatalities, all cases

Arguments and Writing - Use Word Power

Arguments and Writing - Use Word PowerArguments can be a good thing, but sometimes they do get you into trouble. You have to ensure that the arguments are appropriate for your paper and one of the best ways to do this is by arguing a word in an argumentative essay. This might seem to go against the traditional way of writing, but a word or phrase can be very powerful when used in an argumentative essay.An argument is something that starts with an opinion, or thought. Sometimes these opinions and thoughts can be divisive and cause people to clash with each other. These are all very valid points, and can be very damaging to any relationships and arguments. An argumentative essay will see you change your mind on just about any argument you can think of.You don't need to worry about how to start an argument, there are numerous ways to do it. You just need to write about what you believe and show why you think it is true. It is important to remember that you don't need to use words that a re commonly used, such as 'um'like.' Just use fewer words and stick to your argument and make sure that you use a word or phrase that is powerful. Arguments can make a very bad impression and should be used only when absolutely necessary.If you are going to use a specific uses or more traditional words to argue a word in an argumentative essay, you will find that you are going to have more trouble. The use of a word in an argumentative essay is most likely going to cause more discussion, rather than focus on the piece of writing. Using too many words and confusing people are very dangerous in an argumentative essay, so it is best to stay away from it.Once you have the idea of how to start an argument, you might want to write out some examples to help you get started. If you find yourself arguing a word in an argumentative essay, try to show examples from people who have been using the word, or have the same opinion as you do. You can also use this opportunity to make a point and let people know what you mean. Give them as much information as you can so that they understand why you use the word. Use it sparingly in your arguments, but remember that you don't have to use a word unless you have to.Argument writing is an art and one that has been used in the past, but it is quickly becoming outdated. Writing is one of the most powerful methods of communication, so it only makes sense that you should make use of it in your writing.Arguments and writing can be done in both a negative and positive way, but one thing you have to keep in mind is to avoid using too many words. Most of the time, you are just going to be a distraction, so stick to the essence of the argument.

What Is Good And What Is Evil - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 682 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? The value of good and evil is the subject of many studies and discussions since early antiquity. Philosophers have repeatedly delved into the analysis of these issues, seeking truth and answers to questions about good and evil. Between good and evil, we can clearly notice significant and very important differences, but for some, it seems that the border between them is indistinct, even blurred and definitely hard to define. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is Good And What Is Evil?" essay for you Create order In the theodicy, or philosophy of God, evil is nonbeing, it does not exist, it is a disruption of the state of good. God, as the Absolute, Logos, or Reason, wants people to live and stay in the state of good. The similar teachings were introduced by St. Augustine which focused on the faith, and only in faith in the Lord we can choose the right path. Thomas Aquinas however showed a different path, a path through conscience and reasoning. Aquinas stressed out that those virtues are a gift from god, but it is man who can choose between right or wrong. But is it always that simple? Lets look at our Ethical Dilemma #3: An office worker has had a record of frequent absence. He has used all his vacation and sick-leave days, and has frequently requested additional leave without pay. His supervisor and co-workers have expressed great frustration because his absenteeism has caused bottlenecks in paperwork, created low morale in the office, and required others to do his work in addition to their own. However, the individual believes he is entitled to take his earned time and additional time off without pay. Is he right? This dilemma is problematic since effects other people and creates a low morale in the office. Although the office worker is entitled to sick-leave and vacation days, he isnt entitled to additional days off.The frequent absenteeism from work is unacceptable whether he requests additional time off with or without pay. This employee needs to be mindful that when he signed his work contract he was being bind into working and a specified amount of sick vacation days. Any extra days he was given was a plus with a display of gratitude and good ethics from the company as the company couldve declined his extra days request. The employee needs to be more considerate and realize that his frequent absenteeism is affecting the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the work production within the company. Due to his frequent absenteeism other employees and management may begin to think that he isnt reliable, causes the work flow and production to be inefficient and slows down the overall productivity within the office. If the employer has an extreme condition which results in his frequent absenteeism then considerations and measures can be put in place for staff to work around it. As sometimes we as humans are faced with obstacles and challenges in life from sickness to family problems and personal problems. This dilemma shows that the office worker is focusing only on himself and what makes him happy without regard to his office team. This example clearly shows consequentialist theory, where ends justifies the means, and poor work ethics. St. Augustine would probably advise him to turn into God and faith a lone. According to St. Augustine, evil acts are because we have no faith and good deeds are the touch of God. Aquinas, however believed that the Natural Law the divine law as written in the heart of man can be discovered by reason and cultivated by conscience.(Ruggiero, 2012, p.147). Aquinas would reason with the office workers conscience and advise him to do the right thing. St. Augustine would blame office workers behavior on temptations and his disconnect with God. The difference between Augustine and Aquinas. Augustine leaves us with the impression that when you do evil or wrong things youre supposed to continuously feel guilty and that theres no going back from a wrong deed. On the other hand Aquinas, shows us that yes we do wrong but you dont have to live your life consumed with the guilt and you can change things around, if you choose to.

The Mexican -american War And The Annexation Of The...

Juan Garcia Instructor Froese History 11 December 6, 2016 The Mexican -American War and the Annexation of the Republic of Texas (1836-1845) Since the United States was founded as an independent nation from Great Britain, its people had confronted many economic, political, and social problems. The United States started to expand its territory in the western part of the country. Some examples are the Louisiana purchase from1803 and the Spanish Florida annexation. One of the most significant and controversial in the antebellum years was the Texas annexation which was a result of the War between Mexico and the war of independence by Texan rebels on the late 1830’s and 1840’s. Therefore, the annexation of the Republic of Texas existed from 1836-1845 produced controversy and consequences on both sides of the border. In order to understand the consequences of the war, it is important to mention some struggles that confront both countries. First, in 1803, the United States had purchased the territory of Louisiana claiming that the purchase also includes the territory of Texas. The Spanish responded by closing the border where many mercenaries had been penetrated. However, the Spanish attempt to colonization failed; as a consequence, the Texas territory was scarcely populated. The Spanish crown allow the immigration of residents of Spanish Louisiana and Florida to settle in the territory of Texas. Yet, there some important conditions: they must belong to the Roman Catholic ChurchShow MoreRelatedEssay On Manifest Destiny1432 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom, the Annexation and war with Mexico being one of them. Annexation is the action of invading, most times it was about invading land. There were more Americans living in Texas then there were Mexicans. Eventually Texas became an independent republic in 1 836, this simply added to the events leading up to the war with Mexico. The purpose of this essay is to understand the Annexation of Texas, how the war with Mexico began, what happened in the Mexican war, who contributed to the Annexation of TexasRead MoreThe Annexation of Texas Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesThe Mexican War of 1846-1848 was one of major importance to U.S. history, but has since fallen into annals of obscurity. It was the nation’s first war fought on foreign soil: a war that advocated the concept of â€Å"manifest destiny†, the United States God-given right to claim territory for the establishment of a free democratic society (Stevenson 2009). Even though many historians claim the war was forced on Mexico by slaveholders greedy for new territory, President John Polk viewed the war as an opportunityRead MoreThe Annexation Of The United States1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe annexation of Texas was a path that many Texans wanted. Nearly ninety percent of Texans wanted to become part of the United States. â€Å"People hadn’t come to Texas to become part of the British Empire; most were particularly incensed by the British insistence on emancipation of the slaves; responding to public sentiment, the Texas Senate demanded that President Houston give them a full accounting of his dealings with Great Britain†. Before annexation, The Republic of Texas was a sovereign nationRead MoreThe American Of The Mexican American War Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican-American War was a result from the rising conflict between Mexico and the United States on who has the rights for Texas after Texas gained its independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836. Before Texas annexed with the United States on December 29, 1845, it was an independent state with 9 years of being free from Mexico . Although Mexico never acknowledged Texas to secede from them, the Texans and the United States did so the U.S. decided to add Texas as the 28 th state. After Texas gainedRead MoreExpansionism Under James K. Polk Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesJames K. Polks presidency, the United States of America grew economically, socially, and most noticeably geographically. In this time period, the western boundaries of the Untied States would be expanded all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Many Americans in the 19th century believed that the acquisition of this territory to the west was their right and embraced the concept of Manifest Destiny. This concept was the belief that America should stretch from sea to shining sea and it was all but inevitableRead MoreExpansionism Under James K. Polk1276 Words   |  6 PagesJames K. Polks presidency, the United States of America grew economically, socially, and most noticeably geographically. In this time period, the western boundaries of the Untied States would be expanded all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Many Americans in the 19th century believed that the acquisition of this territor y to the west was their right and embraced the concept of Manifest Destiny. This concept was the belief that America should stretch from sea to shining sea and it was all but inevitableRead MoreMexican American War And The United States1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most important war in the history of United State was the â€Å"Mexican-American War†, also called by Mexicans â€Å"the United State Invasion†. The war begun in the 19th century when the United State expansion cause disagreements with the Mexicans. One important character in the United State side was the president James K. Polk who served during the war time. Beside Mexico side the president Santa Anna led Mexico to the first the battle of Mexico with Texas which later one bring the war between this twoRead MoreMexican American War And The Mexican War1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican American war better known as the Mexican war, was a conflict between The united states of America and Mexico. from 18 46 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 US annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory, despite the 1836 Texas revolution. After its independence in 1821 and brief experiment with monarchy, Mexico became a republic in 1824, characterized by considerable instability, so that when war broke out in 1846, Mexico was ill-prepared for this conflictRead MoreThe History of Texas Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesThe History of Texas Texas history itself had its own amazing story. The small number of American settlers moved to the land of Texas had led to the dramatic war with the Mexicans. The land of Texas was used to be owned by Mexicans. Due to the argument between Texans and Mexicans caused the battle of San Jacinto and Mexican War. In long ago before American settlers moved to Texas, this place was so rich and an abundance of land. Spanish settlers have lived there forRead MoreMexican American War : The Structure Of North America1095 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor: Andrew Hollinger History 1301 Class: 9:05 am – 10:00 am Mexican-American War, Discussing the Battle that Defined the Structure of North America. Mexican-American War was caused mainly by the priority from both parts to gain territory as well as the desire of Texas to become an independent republic. This topic does not spark many conversations in the U.S. However, states like California, Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico which were precisely involved in this conflict won by the U

Life and Death in California Essay Example For Students

Life and Death in California Essay Life Death in the State of CaliforniaIn the United States, the first known execution was of Daniel Frank and it took place in the Colony of Virginia. Frank was executed in 1622 for the crime of theft (University of Alaska). Since the time of Daniel Frank, the death penalty has almost always been a part of our criminal justice system, starting in the colonies and continuing in the United States after we won our independence. As far as the United States goes, I am going to start off in 1930 because this was when the Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice, first started to compile data on a fairly regular basis. From 1930 through 1967, 3859 people were executed under civil circumstances in the United States. Others were executed but they were completed under the jurisdiction of the United States military. During this period of nearly forty years over half of those executed (54%) were black, forty five percent were white, and the remaining one percent were fro m other racial groups American Indians (a total of 19 executed from 1930-1967), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), Japanese (2). By far the majority of those being executed were men; only 32 women were executed between 1930 and 1967. During this same period of time the United States Army (and the Air Force) executed 160 people, including 106 executions for murder (21 involved rape), 53 for rape, and one for desertion. The U.S. Navy has not executed anyone since 1849 (University of Alaska). Strong pressure from parties opposed to the use of the death penalty resulted in an unofficial moratorium on executions for several years, with the last one taking place in 1967. Legal challenges to the death penalty led up to a 5-4 United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia. Furman v. Georgia struck down the federal and state capital punishment laws that permitted wide discretion of the application of the death penalty. The majority of the justices ruled these laws as cruel and unusual p unishment in violation of the eighth amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the due process guarantees of the fourteenth amendment. Only Justices Brennan and Marshall declared capital punishment to be unconstitutional in all instances (Furman v. Georgia). Furman v. Georgia led to many new death sentencing laws. The first execution under the new laws took place in Utah when Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad for murder. Gilmores execution was the first execution that had taken place in the United States since 1967. From 1977 to 1997, a total of 432 executions had taken place. Out of those prisoners executed during this period of time, 266 were white, 161 were black, and five were other races. By the end of 1997, 38 states and the federal government had capital punishment law; 12 states have no death penalty (University of Alaska). I had found the history of the death penalty in California to be very interesting, especially since we had gone to Folsom State Penitentiary the other week. But that is another story since we are starting after Furman v. Georgia. Anyways, the California Supreme Court declares the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the state constitution on February 18, 1972. 107 inmates are taken off of death row and resentenced. This happened a full three months before the Furman v. Georgia decision was laid down. Later on August 11, 1977 the state Legislature re-enacts the death penalty and on November 7, 1978 the California voters take an even bigger step by approving an even broader set of laws that replace the 1977 statute. And on April 21, 1992 there was a landmark occasion; Robert Alton Harris is executed making him the first one since the legislature had brought back the death penalty in August of 1977. On August 27, 1992 there was a new method of death introduced. Thi s was brought by lethal injection, inmates may now choose between injection and lethal gas (not gassing). Another inmate, David Mason was executed on the 24th of August in 1993 after he forfeited all of his appeals. On October 4, 1994 the gas chamber was ruled to be cruel and unusual punishment and therefore unconstitutional. Lethal injection is now the sole method of execution left in the state of California. William Bonin became the first to be executed by this new means of execution on February 23, 1996 (D.P.Org. History). On May 3, 1996 Keith (Danny) Williams was executed my lethal injection, making him the fourth to be executed by the state since the reinstatement of the death penalty. Another person was executed on July 14, 1998. He was Thomas Martin Thompson; he was executed even though there was some evidence of his innocence. In 1999 two men were executed in California. The first execution was on February ninth with the death of Jaturun Siripongs, a Thai national. The secon d execution in 1999 took place on May fourth when a Vietnam War veteran, Manual Babbit, was put to death even though he had a history of mental illness and post traumatic stress. Three more people have been executed in California according to my information, one in 2000, one in 2001, and another in 2002. On March 15, 2000 Darrell Young Elk Rich became the first Native American to be executed since Californias reinstatement of the death penalty in 1977. Darrell Young Elk Richs request for a sacred sweat lodge was denied. A sweat lodge is a purification ceremony that is equivalent to a Catholics last rites (D.P.Org. History). In March of 2001 on the 27th Robert Lee Massie was executed by the state of California. He had voluntary ended his appeals process after nearly thirty years on death row. Finally, on January 29, 2002 Stephen Wayne Anderson was executed by the state of California. Capital punishment in California, as in every other state, is more expensive than a life imprisonment sentence without the opportunity of parole (D.P.Org. Cost). These costs are not the result of frivolous appeals but rather the result of Constutionally mandated safeguards that pretty much go like this: first, the juries must be given clear guidelines on sentencing, which result in explicit provisions for what constitutes aggravating and mitigating circumstances. Also, defendants must have a dual trial one to establish guilt or innocence and if guilty a second trial to determine whether or not they would get the death penalty. As a last safeguard, defendants sentenced to death are granted three automatic appeals: one to the state appeals court, another to the state supreme court, and lastly one to the federal court. My Responsibility to America EssayThe trial process for a capital case averages around 1.9 million dollars in California while a regular life without the possibility of parole averages $650,000 (Erickson, David). So lets start with a regular life without the possibility of parole case. The average age of inmates not on death row is 35 years. Taking into account that their average life expectancy would be 67 years, they would be spending 32 years in prison, on average. The cost of keeping these inmates incarcerated per year is $28,439. So adding up the 32 years at a two percent inflation rate will give you an incarceration cost of about a million dollars, or $995,933.78. Add this to the previously established cost of $650,000 for a LWOP trial and you got yourself a cost of $1.6-1.7 million for the trial and incarceration. On to the death penalty case. The average age of a man on death row is in his early to mid forties. You also have to take in to account that the average time spent on the death row in California is ten years (California Department of Corrections, Capital Punishment). So ten years on death row at $26,894 a year on average. Adding up the ten years at a two percent inflation rate will give you an incarceration cost of just under $300,000, or $293,144.60. Add this to the trial cost of $1,898,323 and the taxpayers will be paying $2,191,467.60. Oh, you also need to add in the $86.08 that it costs for the three chemicals used to kill the inmates. You now have a cost of $2,191,553.68 for the taxpayers. There is a difference in the costs of both methods. It is $568,297.90 cheaper to incarcerate someone for life in prison rather than to give them the death penalty. Keeping someone locked up forever does reduce our public safety, but not to a degree that anyone should even worry about. Currently in California we have the lowest escape rate since 1949. In 2002 in the California Department of Corrections system, there were only 9 escapes from prison and a ll of them were out of level I facilities. There were 0 escapes from level II, III, or IV facilities (California Department of Corrections, Offender Escapes). In all of the information that I could find on the California Department of Corrections website life without the opportunity of parole inmates from maximum security prisons never escape in California. I was not able to find any information to show that the death penalty reduces murders in any way at all. All of the information that I came across basically said that when murders are done, they are usually done in the heat of the moment so the consequences are not thought of, or when planned the person doing the killing does not care about the consequences. There are some social costs that are not factored into the economical assessment. For instance, the person being executed is a part of some family. Whether they see them of not, it will have an affect on the condemned inmates children, wives, family, etc.

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Essay Example

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Paper Using alkaline lysine nipper, a DNA lassie was isolated from the donor and transcontinental strains and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the plasmid. The conjugation efficiency was found to be 16. 25% and the plasmid DNA was approximately 97 kilobytes long. The results show that the F plasmid was effectively transferred from the donor cells into the recipient cells via conjugation. Introduction:Bacterial conjugation is the unidirectional transfer of either genomic DNA or plasmid DNA from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient bacterial cell by cell-to-cell contact via a sex pills (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). Conjugation was first discovered by Elderberry and Datum in 1946. In their experiment, they grew two strains of bacteria in separate vessels with rich medium and then together in one vessel containing the same medium. Then, they spread the three vessel contents onto medium agar plates and incubated them overnight at ETC. The only plate that showed cell growth was the plate containing the mixture of the two bacterial strains. The other two plates showed no growth. This experiment proved that in order for recombination to occur, the two strains must come in contact with one another (Elderberry, Datum, 1946). In 1950, Bernard Davis discovered that cell-to-cell contact was required to obtain a transcontinental. Using a U tube containing a sintered filter between the two sides of the tube, he added two types of bacteria (donor and recipient) to each side of the tube. Because of the filter, Davis never observed conjugation. This further proved that in order for conjugation to occur, the cells must come into physical contact. In order for cells to undergo conjugation, one cell must contain a fertility factor (F). William Hayes discovered this F factor in 1952. The F factor, which is a small auricular molecule of DNA (plasmid), controls the synthesis of F pill that connect donor and recipient cells during conjugation. These F factors are approximately 105 bagpipers in size. In bacterial conjugation, a donor cell containing the F plasmid is referred to as an F+ cell while a recipient cell that lacks the plasmid is an F- cell. When an F+ cell mates with an F- cell (conjugation), the plasmid is transferred. Both the donor and recipient cells become F+ cells and contain the F plasmid. While transferring the F+ plasmid, sometimes the plasmid is integrated into the recipients chromosome. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These cells are referred to as Hoff cells. Sometimes chromosomal DNA is looped out of the F plasmid, and chromosomal genes are transferred into the recipient; the recipient cells are referred to as F strains. When donor F cells mate with recipient F- cells, genomic DNA is transferred from donor to recipient. This transfer is known as seduction and the cell that receives the F plasmid from the donor is referred to as a transcontinental (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). In the experiment performed, conjugation was studied in E. Coli bacterial cells. The donor bacterial cells contained the F plasmid that had the lack+ gene integrated into it, making the cells Flag+stars. The recipient bacterial cells were F- lack-stir. The donor and recipient cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Using AGE electrophoresis, plasmid DNA was isolated and its size was determined. The plasmid was present in the donor and transcontinental cells; however, in the recipient cells the plasmid was absent. Materials and Methods:One ml of each of donor (Flag+stars) and recipient (F- lack-stir) the E. Oil bacterial strains, from the American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Md. , was pipettes with a pitman into a sterile culture tube and incubated, without shaking, at 370 C for 90 minutes. Before plating the strains on agar plates, dilutions of the three strains of cells were prepared with LB broth. 100 Pl of 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions of donor cells were each plated onto McCracken (MAC) agar plates without streptomycin. 100 Pl of 1 0-5 dilution of donor cells and 10-5 and 10-6 recipient were also plated onto MAC plates with streptomycin. 00 Pl of 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions of the conjugation mixture cells were plated onto MAC agar with streptomycin. All seven plates were inverted and placed in a ETC incubator for about 24 hours. The bacterial colonies on each plate were counted the next day (colony counts seen in Table l). Donor colonies were picked with a sterile loop and placed into a sterile test tube containing LB broth. Recipient and transcontinental colonies were also isolated and placed into sterile test tubes containing LB broth and streptomycin. The tubes were then placed in a 37 C shaking incubator at 250 RPM overnight. After the incubation, 1. 5 ml of each of the three cultures were added to offender tubes and centrifuged at 13,200 RPM for 1 minute. An alkaline lysine procedure like that of Bromine and Doll was then performed to extract the lassie DNA with 200 Pl of alkaline SD detergent solution (Bromine Daly, 1979). After the alkaline lysine procedure was complete, the pellets were washed with a 100% ethanol and stored in a -ICC freezer. A 1% agrees gel in 0. 5 X TUBE buffer was prepared for gel electrophoresis in a gel tray. The gel tray was placed into the BIO-RADAR FIG Mapped apparatus. Loading dye was added and each sample (apron. 25 VI) was then loaded into a well. DNA markers were loaded into the first and last wells. The gel was run under program 4 for 16 hours, 180 volts forward and 120 volts reverse. When the program was knishes, the gel was placed into an tedium bromide solution to stain. After staining, the gel was gently rocked in distilled water. Using a Kodak IDEAS 290 imaging system, a picture of the gel was taken (which can be seen in Figure 1. 0). Results:During the experiment, donor (F+lack+stars) and recipient (F-lack-stir) cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Plasmid DNA was extracted from the donor and transcontinental cells and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the plasmids size. After plating and incubating the bacterial dilutions, the cell colonies were counted. It was observed that all of the donor ells were red, all of the recipient cells were white, and the conjugation culture cells were a mix of red and white. There were too many (>300) red colonies to count on the donor 10-5 MAC agar plate and 60 red colonies on the donor 10-6 MAC agar plate. No colonies were seen on the donor 10-5 MAC agar + strep plate. There were 126 white colonies on the recipient 10-5 MAC + strep plate and 32 white colonies seen on the recipient 10-6 MAC + strep agar plate. The transcontinental 10-4 MAC + strep agar plate had 206 red and too many white colonies to count, while the transcontinental 10-5 MAC + strep agar plate had 26 De colonies and 86 white colonies (seen in Table l). Using the cell counts and their dilutions, the culture concentration was calculated. The concentration of donor cells in the 10-6 dilution was xx cells/ ml_. The concentration of recipient cells in the 10-6 dilution was 3. Axis cells/ml. The concentration of transcontinental cells in the 10-5 dilution was 2. Xx cells/ ml (Table II). The conjugation efficiency was calculated to be 16. 25% (Table Ill). Upon completion of a FIG electrophoresis, marker standards were used to determine the plasmid size and the distance traveled. The size and mobility f the bands in Marker II (Figure 1. 0) were measured and a standard curve was generated ( Figure 2. 0). This curve was then used to determine the plasmid size present in the donor and transcontinental cells. The plasmid was not present in the recipient cells. ) The plasmid traveled 14. 5 mm and was approximately 101 kilobytes long. Discussion:After plating the donor cells onto MAC plates that did not contain the streptomycin antibiotic, red colonies grew. This result is plausible because the donor cells contained the lack Oberon, which codes for enzymes that can utilize lactose as food. Cells containing this Oberon can grow on MAC plates because the plates contain lactose sugar. These two plates were then compared to the donor plate that contained the streptomycin antibiotic. No colonies grew on the streptomycin plate. This is because the donor cells did not contain the gene for streptomycin resistance. After plating the recipient cells onto MAC+strep plates, white colonies grew. This result is seen because the recipient cells lack the lack Oberon. These cells cannot utilize lactose as a food source. Also, the recipient cells were able to grow in the presence of streptomycin because they contained gene for resistance to the antibiotic. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-5 transcontinental cells, there were 26 red cells present. Ideally, because the cells were too dilute for conjugation to be seen, there should have been no red cells present. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-4 transcontinental cells, both red and white colonies were observed. The white colonies were recipient cells and the red were transcontinental. It can be determined that the red cells were the transcontinental because previously, red cells (which indicate donor cells) were not able to grow on plates containing streptomycin. Because they ere present on streptomycin plate, the cells must have undergone conjugation. After isolating the plasmids and running them on a FIG electrophoresis, it was observed that the plasmid was only present in the donor and transcontinental cells. This occurred because only the donor cells contained the plasmid. Because donor cells were not present in the recipient cells, no conjugation could occur; therefore, no plasmid would be seen in the recipient lane on the gel. The size of the F plasmid was determined by measuring the distance the plasmid traveled in the gel, and comparing it to a known marker (Marker II). The size of the F plasmid as determined to be approximately 97 kilobytes long. This was compared to the literature value, of approximately 100 kilobytes (Sealing, Paulson, and Cooper, 1991 Because the plasmid size is very close to the literature value, it can be concluded that the DNA plasmid was successfully isolated from the donor to the transcontinental cells. Genomic DNA was not transferred and no Hoff strains were formed. The conjugation efficiency was calculated and found to be 16. 25% on the transcontinental plates, meaning for every 100 cells on the plate, 16. 5 were transcontinental. A 16. 25% conjugation efficiency is a reasonable value. The value seen could be due to the fact that even though a donor cell contains the F plasmid, the plasmid is not always transferred into every single recipient cell. If this were the case, a conjugation efficiency of 100% would be seen every time. Comparing this value to an efficiency value seen in the literature of 94%, the value is a bit low (Kiang et al. , 2000). To increase the conjugation efficiency, the mixed donor and recipient cells could be left to sit for a longer period of time.

Free Essays on Ficciones

Uqbar, Tlon, Orbis Tertius Deception is the central idea of this piece. Had the doubtful quote of â€Å"mirrors and copulation are abominable for they multiply the number of mankind† been said by Bioy Casares, the quest to seek the truth of Uqbar would have never existed. This and many other mirror imagery throughout the piece contributes to the deception of reality topic symbolically. â€Å"Mirror troubled the far end of a hallway† because it creates an illusion that the hallway is twice as long as it should be. Deception causes the obscurity of truth- thus the truth that we seek might not be trust worthy. Therefore in attempt to do away with the deception caused by science, the Tlonians â€Å"presuppose idealism† by seeking â€Å"not truth, or even plausibility† only an enlightenment toward an ideally monistic universe. Yet to an even greater degree, the speaker realizes as he describes in the Postscript the creation of Tlon was a deception in itself. The nihilistic Ezra Buckley a ttempts to â€Å"deceive† God by theoretically playing God in the creation of Tlon- Buckley envisions that â€Å"mortals could conceive and shape a world†. Ultimately, the world of Tlon replaces the world as we know it because â€Å"reality ‘caved in’† in the face of the nonexistent deception of truth known as Tlon. Approach to Al-Mu’tasim Borges continues to explore the idea of monism in this piece, but more specifically toward the monism of religion and spirituality. The piece is a â€Å"commentary† of a nonexistent mystery story which explores the religious strife of India- to an extent spiritual and religious strife of the world. The protagonist began his quest after â€Å"he reflects that he has shown himself capable of killing an idolater, yet incapable of knowing†¦whether the Muslim possesses more of truth than the [Hindu] does.† The novel ends with encounter of the protagonist and his quest: Al-Mu’tasim. The ultimate result is the realizat... Free Essays on Ficciones Free Essays on Ficciones Uqbar, Tlon, Orbis Tertius Deception is the central idea of this piece. Had the doubtful quote of â€Å"mirrors and copulation are abominable for they multiply the number of mankind† been said by Bioy Casares, the quest to seek the truth of Uqbar would have never existed. This and many other mirror imagery throughout the piece contributes to the deception of reality topic symbolically. â€Å"Mirror troubled the far end of a hallway† because it creates an illusion that the hallway is twice as long as it should be. Deception causes the obscurity of truth- thus the truth that we seek might not be trust worthy. Therefore in attempt to do away with the deception caused by science, the Tlonians â€Å"presuppose idealism† by seeking â€Å"not truth, or even plausibility† only an enlightenment toward an ideally monistic universe. Yet to an even greater degree, the speaker realizes as he describes in the Postscript the creation of Tlon was a deception in itself. The nihilistic Ezra Buckley a ttempts to â€Å"deceive† God by theoretically playing God in the creation of Tlon- Buckley envisions that â€Å"mortals could conceive and shape a world†. Ultimately, the world of Tlon replaces the world as we know it because â€Å"reality ‘caved in’† in the face of the nonexistent deception of truth known as Tlon. Approach to Al-Mu’tasim Borges continues to explore the idea of monism in this piece, but more specifically toward the monism of religion and spirituality. The piece is a â€Å"commentary† of a nonexistent mystery story which explores the religious strife of India- to an extent spiritual and religious strife of the world. The protagonist began his quest after â€Å"he reflects that he has shown himself capable of killing an idolater, yet incapable of knowing†¦whether the Muslim possesses more of truth than the [Hindu] does.† The novel ends with encounter of the protagonist and his quest: Al-Mu’tasim. The ultimate result is the realizat...